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pairwise vs probandwise concordance

Probandwise concordance and tetrachoric correlations. A similar contrast was present for CP. A pattern with high tetrachoric correlations in MZ twins as compared with DZ twins was found. A marked increase of probandwise concordance for criminal behavior among monozygotic twins suggests that the MZ twins inherit some biological characteristic(s) that increases their joint risk for criminal involvement. 78 79 Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate the These pairs represent the two largest twin subgroups. MZ twins 185 54 131 0.29 0.45. One of the first twin studies of eating disorders described pairwise concordance of 56% in MZ and 5% in DZ pairs (71% and 10% with probandwise figures). The excess concordance in MZ was derived primarily from like-sexed female pairs with a probandwise The use of probandwise concordance is It tells us whether the mean BMI difference between A pair-wise comparison chart analyzes the results of the survey based on the rank of each design relative to the other three. It is often used Then,for every pair(for The male probandwise concordance rates are 6.5% for MZ (3/46, SE = 4.6%) and 11.4% for DZ (4/35, SE = 7.4%). The proband-wise concordance rate for monozygotic twins was double that of dizygotic twins (0.16 [95% CI, 0.110.22] vs 0.07 [95% CI, 0.050.11], respectively). Age-Dependent Influences on the Origins of Autoimmune Diabetes R. David G. Leslie; Michela Delli Castelli Type 1 diabetes is genetically determined as shown by family, twin, Torrey's use of pairwise rates led him to conclude that Probandwise concordance For a group of twins in which at least one member of each pair is affected, probandwise concordance is a measure of the proportion of twins who have the 100 examples: Of these three concordances, two involve a four-note tenor segment, and one a Pairwise and probandwise concordance rates with their 95% confidence intervals observed in MZ and DZ pairs partitioned by verified history of epilepsy, irrespective of epilepsy (2) The first step in the approach outlined here Family and twin studies clearly demonstrated that GD is not caused by a single gene defect but has a complex pattern of inheritance [6,7]. For a group of twins, pairwise concordance is defined as C/ (C+D), where C is the number of concordant pairs and D is the number of discordant pairs. For example, a group of 10 twins have been pre-selected to have one affected member (of the pair). Schizophr Bull 1992;18: 171 176. For a group of twins in which at least one member of In addition, probandwise is not as sensitive as pairwise concordance to differences between studies in the ascertainment of affected twins. number of all discordant pairs). Pairwise concordance is calculated as the proportion of all ascertained pairs with 2 affected individuals and can be impacted by method of ascertainment of the twins. Pairwise and probandwise concordance rates for GD in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. The The RRs were similar irrespective of the sex of the sibling or index case and were particularly strong in siblings of hospitalized cases and cases that underwent surgery. The probandwise concordance rate was higher in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins (0.148 vs 0.012). However these figures were obtained by widening the diagnostic criteria. We assume a zero mean expected return at the daily frequency to calculate the correlations. So if we need a measurement and p-value for a mean differences, we get that from the table of pairwise comparisons. Results: A total of 210 twin pairs with at least one proband with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis were identified. The 14.8% MZ concordance rate is based on the pairwise concordance rate method, and uses results found in Table 2 of the study. CR: Concordance Rate D: Discordant twin pairs DZ: Dizygotic or fraternal (twin pairs) h2: Heritability HE: Hand Eczema MZ: Monozygotic or identical (twin pairs) NPV: Negative predictive value OR: Odds-ratio PPV: Positive predictive value In theory, complete genetic determination of a disease would equate to MZ twins having 100% concordance and DZ twins having 50% concordance (MacGregor, 2000). The probandwise concordance rates were 0.36 for monozygotic pairs and 0 for dizygotic pairs. Pairwise and probandwise concordance rates with their 95% confidence intervals observed in MZ and DZ pairs partitioned by verified history of epilepsy, irrespective of epilepsy The correlations in liability were 0.85 and 0.41, respectively. Idiopathic scoliosis may run in families and the purpose of this systematic It must be noted that these pairwise concordance rates may be artificially inflated due to the manner in which the schizophrenic co-twins were ascertained (see Shields et al., 1967, for practical reasons and Smith, 1974, for statistical reasons why this may be so). Purpose Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common spinal deformity and affects 13% of children and adolescents. Yes Total Proportion 1. 1992; 18: 171176. It compares each candidate in head-to-head contests. For the multifactorial and generalized single major locus models the bias is small, and the problems associated with nonindependent ascertainment are negligible in practice. Speech/language studies with twins Keith Johnson Allen, G., Harvald, B., and Shields, J. The new identical twin concordance rate was reported as 27% and fraternal 4.8% (Allen, Cohen, and Pollin, 1972). For example, the title of a recent paper when assessing twin concordance, use the probandwise not the pairwise rate [McGue, 1992] perhaps should have more appropriately stated when Thyroid disease: proband vs co-twin, n = 51 pairs, p = 0.02 AITD: proband vs co-twin, n = 17 pairs, p = 0.03 Goiter: proband vs co-twin, n = 34 pairs, p = 0.20 Twin case-control studies Cigarette smoking in the etiology of overt thyroid disease Brix et al, 2000 BACKGROUND Increased risk of prostate cancer among men with a family history of the disease has been observed in several epidemiological studies, and family studies have identified hereditary prostate cancer characterized by early onset and autosomal dominant inheritance. Recurrence risk for calculated a 33% MZ concordance rate, based on their use of the probandwise concordance rate method. RESULTS: The probandwise concordance rates were 0.43 (95% CI=0.10 to 0.82) for monozygotic twins and 0.06 (95% CI=0.00 to 0.27) for dizygotic twins. Probandwise concordance and tetrachoric correlation were higher for MZ than DZ twin pairs for all groups. Because hypodontia and microdontia are the most common types of dental anomalies, 1214 we assessed genetic contributions to these phenotypes by calculating the pairwise concordance rate (PCR), recurrence risk ratio (RRR), and heritability (h2); we assessed environmental contributions by evaluating the degree of shared environmental effects. Probandwise concordance rates for the data divided into the two original categories described by Kalmus and Fry were 0.75 for MZ and 0.57 for DZ twin pairs, and a test for the difference was significant (P = 0.01) , indicating a genetic influence. parental socioeconomic status. An alignment procedure comparing two biological sequences of either protein, DNA or RNA. The probandwise concordances and the unadjusted as well as the adjusted tetrachoric correlations for thyroid antibody status are shown in Table 3. Okay, so, a pairwise comparison starts with preferential voting, which is an election method that requires voters to rank all the candidates in order of their preference. A preference schedule is the chart in which the results from preferential voting are listed. For a group of twins in which at least one member of each pair is affected, probandwise concordance is a measure of the proportion of twins who have the illness who have an affected twin. Pairwise testing is a kind of combinatorial testing because it includes all combinations of some number of values in at least one of the tests. If we talk of combining something, we must at least have two things to combine. So, as a kind of combinatorial testing, the lowest thoroughness is 2. However, we do talk about the thoroughness of 1. The pairwise concordance is a descriptive statistic and in twin one vs. disease present/absent in twin two). The pairwise concordance for monozygotic twins was 0.19 compared with 0.07 for dizygotic twins. Twin Study (n.). Vision problems 124 137 0.9051095 4. For this data set, the pairwise differences are: 1, 1, 4, and 2. Aggregation of cases of bronchial asthma in adult twin pairs was studied in the nationwide Finnish twin cohort consisting of 13,888 adult monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) pairs. This is exactly what a pairwise comparison method in elections does. Examples of concordance in a sentence, how to use it. The familial risk ratios for MZ and DZ twin pairs were 1700 and 900, respectively. Type 2 diabetes is a complex disease with a multifactorial etiology. Blends 1 and 3 are in both groups. Concordance rates were twice as high for MZ pairs than for DZ pairs regardless of sex (22.0% versus 11.6%, McGue M. When assessing twin concordance, use the probandwise not the pairwise rate. independent pairwise comparisons is k(k-1)/2, where k is the number of conditions. Correct and incorrect interpretations of concordance can sometimes not be distinguished until the assumed primary definition is made clear. The results indicated that environmental factors may play a role in the cause of the disease. W. C. Essential tremor in twins: an assessment of genetic vs environmental determinants of etiology. It is defined as C/ (C+D), where C is the number of concordant pairs and D is the number of discordant pairs [25], [26]. Thoroughness of 1. Concordance rates of club foot in monozygotic twins are approximately 75% while those for congenital brain abnormalities are much lower Due to problems in reliability of diagnosis conclusions about concordance rates are questionable Calculation using probandwise vs. pairwise comparisons yield vastly different numbers Work consisting of reporting using a method of detecting genetic causes in human traits and genetic factors in behavior using sets of twins Results Pairwise ASD concordance was 31% for DZ and 88% for MZ twins. (If there is a public enemy, s/he will lose every pairwise The finding of higher concordance rates among monozygotic (MZ) compared with dizygotic (DZ) twins in some (1, 3) but not all twin studies has been considered as strong evidence of a significant genetic component in type 2 diabetes.Further support has been provided by the recent identification of (1) The proband concordance rate, denoted as B is B CC CC D = + ++ 2 2 12 12. For twins, the same calculations indicate probandwise concordance of 45% for MZ twins, and 25% for DZ twins. The probandwise concordance was 0.31 for monozygotic twins and 0.13 for dizygotic indicated that the estimated pairwise concordance for GD is 0.17 in MZ twins and 0.02 in DZ siblings [5] suggesting a smaller contribution of genes for GD development in American vs. European population. The results The excess concordance in MZ was derived primarily from like-sexed female pairs with a probandwise concordance rate of 34 of 100 (34 5.7%) compared with 3 of 79 (3.8 For example, the title of a recent paper when assessing twin concordance, use the probandwise not the pairwise rate [McGue, 1992] perhaps should have more appropriately stated when assess- ing twin concordance under incomplete ascertainment, use the probandwise estimate not the pairwise estimate to estimate the casewise concordance. Multiple birth: A multiple birth occurs where more than one fetus exits the womb in a single pregnancy. The concordance was higher in MZ than in DZ twin pairs. Genetic factors exist for the development of both DM1 and DM2, although DM2 demonstrates a greater inheritability than DM1. One method for estimating the relative importance of genetic effects on a phenotype is to compare probandwise concordance rates for MZ and DZ twins. The MZ/DZ ratios were 1.9 for pairwise analysis and 1.6 for probandwise analysis. The probandwise concordance for vertebral fractures, based on analyses of like-sex twins, was 8 % in MZ twins compared with 6 % in DZ twins (Table 2).The relative fracture risk (given the twin partner had a fracture) was 3.56 (95 % CI 2.004.77) for MZ twins compared to 2.07 (95 % CI 1.352.66) for DZ twins. For example, if both twins are judged to have the condition in 30 out of 100 pairs, pairwise concordance would be 30/100 = 30%. Pairwise concordance is calculated as the proportion of all ascertained pairs with 2 affected individuals and can be impacted by method of ascertainment of the twins. The probandwise and the pairwise concordance estimate in the Finnish study was 22.0% and 12.3% in monozygotic (MZ) twins and 6.7% and 3.5% in dizygotic same sexed (DZss) twins. Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families. A marked increase of probandwise concordance for criminal behavior among monozygotic twins suggests that the MZ twins inherit some biological characteristic(s) that increases their joint risk for criminal involvement. Pairwise testing is a kind of combinatorial testing because it includes all combinations of some number of values in at least one of the tests. The susceptibility of pancreatic beta cells to cytokine-, fatty acid-, glucose-, or lipoprotein-induced destruction may be partly genetically influenced, as the concordance (probandwise) for the DM1 phenotype in monozygotic twins For example, consider a group of 10 Pairwise Vs Probandwise Concordance Rate Twin Group A Obese Individuals Twin Group B420 600 380 PbC = 0.6 or 60%D1 D2C PbC = 2C 2C+D1+D2PC = C C+D1+D2 PC = 0.429 or 42.9%. We require at least 15 pairwise The concordance rate for Type 1 diabetes was higher among monozygotic (23 % probandwise and 13 % pairwise) than dizygotic twins (5 % probandwise and 3 % pairwise). Cases of asthma were ascertained by record-linkage from three sources of data: death certificates from the Central Statistical Office; hospital discharges from the

pairwise vs probandwise concordance